Cheat Sheet page 2

Diatomic
H2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 N2 O2
Electronegativity
<1.6 = covalent
>1.6 = ionic
Polar = electronegative
Naming
covalent = prefix + ide
Ionic = no prefixes + ide/ate
Ionic
Soluble in water
Hypertonic higher
Isotonic same
Hypotonic lower osmotic
Pressure than blood cell
Acid in water = H+
Buffers
H + salt + weak acid
H2CO3 + NaHCO3
CO2 travels in blood
H2CO3=H+ and HCO3-
Alkanes – combustion
CO2 + H20 balanced
Alkenes & Alkynes =
Hydrogenation to alkane
+H2 & pt catalyst
Cond of 2 alcohols =
Ether single bond
1 alcohol = oxidation
To aldehyde to carb acid
Aldehyde end c
2 alcohol = ketone
Middle 2 c’s
Carbox acid = neutr
w/base + carb salt + H20
“oate”
Esterfication (cond)
Acid to alcohol – ester +
H20
Acid Hydroly = reverse
Saponif = base hydrol
Neut of carb acid
Acid salt + alcohol
Carb acid + H20
Ion- and H3O+
Acid + amine =
Amide + H2O
Conde of amine =
Amide + H2O
Amines react as bases
Give off oh-
Amide =
Carb acid + amine/
ammonia
Amide + acid =
Carb acid + amm/metal
Amide + base =
Salt (oate) = amine
Amines = NH2
Amides = dbl bond O
Thiols = condensed to
Sulfides + H2O
Oxidiz = disulfides
Benzene dbl bond ring
Amino Acid =
N carbon + peptide bond
+ carb acid
Neut of carb acid =
Carb acid salt + h2o

BP’s
Carb acid high
Alcohol
Amine
Ketone
Aldehyde
Alkyne
Alkene
Alkane